Time Warp (2008) s01e09 Episode Script

Liquid Nitrogen

NARRATOR: What happens when a firework fires Action.
NARRATOR: when a rose is frozen It's like I broke a Christmas bulb.
NARRATOR: and when rifle bullet meets bullet-not-so-proof vest? Solid 1-inch hole.
NARRATOR: What happens? "Time warp.
" Uh-oh.
[Laughing.]
NARRATOR: Take two guys whose slo-mo cameras can stop the world in its tracks I'm gonna run down there and catch all the action.
-Good luck.
-All right.
Matt, you ready? All right, Greg, I reset this camera.
We're gonna take a look at your takeoff this time.
NARRATOR: add a high-tech laboratory, where anything can and will happen Oh, boy.
NARRATOR: and toss in some of the world's wildest talents.
What happens? Remember that dry-ice bomb Jeff and Matt built? No? Get as far away as possible.
NARRATOR: Well, it looked like this, and we watched helplessly -This could be bad.
-as Jeff and Matt turned harmless enough bits of dry ice into One of our patented ka-booms.
Well, never content to leave well enough alone, they are at it again, playing around with stuff that makes the frozen compound of dry ice seem positively tepid.
This stuff is freezing.
NARRATOR: This time, they're using liquid nitrogen It's raining nitrogen.
That's pretty cool.
NARRATOR: a pure, elemental substance that's a gas at room temperature.
In that form, it is odorless, colorless, and 80% of the air we breathe.
Nitrogen can only be made liquid by cooling and compressing it down in frigid temperatures of -360 degrees.
Anything warmer, and, well, there it goes -- right back to an expanding gas.
Liquid nitrogen is dangerous because it can freeze anything in seconds, which, of course, begs the question why these two insist upon playing around with it.
LIEBERMAN: There it goes.
NARRATOR: They just can't help themselves.
So, can we just pretty much instantly freeze anything we want to today? Yes.
NARRATOR: But temperatures this cold can lead to some serious fun - [Laughs evilly.]
-Let's start.
NARRATOR: because it can quick-freeze just about anything.
First up LIEBERMAN: We can start with some gummy candies.
NARRATOR: soft, pliable, cute, little candies.
LIEBERMAN: I'm just gonna dump them in, let them boil up a little bit.
They look like they're cooking.
Actually, when they start to slow down, that means they're closer to temperature.
NARRATOR: Speaking of slowing down -Here, ready? -Yep.
[Laughs.]
As expected.
That looks like a crystal animal.
[Both chuckle.]
It's not gummy anymore.
You have this molecular structure that's in this crystal pattern.
It's, like, perfectly aligned.
And when it's gummy, that is free to be bent back and forth.
The colder it gets, the more like glass it becomes.
KEARNEY: And then two seconds after we shot this, it was gummy again.
LIEBERMAN: Whatever rate you're cooling this down in the nitrogen, it's gonna heat up 100 times as fast at room temperature.
All right, that's cool, but I want to break some more stuff.
What do you want to break? I don't know.
Let's freeze something and break it.
We got tons of stuff over here.
NARRATOR: How about a rose? Probably the softest thing that we've got around here.
Gonna just drop this like normal.
Yep.
-Okay? -Okay.
Okay.
-Right here? -Yep.
[Both laugh.]
KEARNEY: That's outrageous.
NARRATOR: It broke, but to use a scientific phrase, it sort of looks gooshy.
Yeah, this one was actually starting to convert back to a soft form.
You can see that right when it hits.
It starts to bend, and then it cracks and hits that breaking point.
NARRATOR: Freezing stuff has its limitations, and our intrepid team soon realized that.
What we could look at now is how much things change when you contain the gas itself and heat it up.
That's gonna end badly, isn't it? Usually.
Okay.
NARRATOR: The ability to mess with the natural state of matter is a great power.
KEARNEY: You know how much I love things that go boom.
Yeah, this should be pretty big.
NARRATOR: But with great power comes great responsibility.
LIEBERMAN: If you do the funnel, can you see the bottle? No.
NARRATOR: Or so we hope.
Jeff is pouring super-cooled liquid nitrogen, a substance that wants to be a gas at normal temperatures, into a tightly sealed container.
Can you guess what will happen next? And how much time do we have after we cap this? LIEBERMAN: I have no idea.
We should have at least 15 seconds.
All right.
[Sighs.]
Now we wait for me to get scared again.
NARRATOR: With each passing moment, the liquid nitrogen in the bottle is warming up and the gas is expanding.
Did you bring any cards? Yeah.
I have some games on my phone we can play.
NARRATOR: So, we wait.
Whoa! That was cool.
[Laughs.]
NARRATOR: "Whoa! That was cool"? Why do I think Galileo said the exact same thing when he looked through his first telescope? -So, I have one last question.
-Mm-hmm? How much liquid nitrogen do we have left? Let's see.
[Chuckles.]
NARRATOR: As our nitro cowboys rode off into the sunset, they decided to give us one last parting shot -- make that parting drop.
That's perfect.
Whoa! I want to see it.
Wow.
Damn! There's no watermelon left.
NARRATOR: A few tips for those of you trying this at home -- Don't! We repeat, do not try this, even if you can get the liquid nitrogen even if you decide to break a watermelon.
Wearing lizard, snakeskin, or crocodile might get you through a situation like this.
But what is going to get you through a situation like this? The answer -- Dragon Skin, the ultimate fashion do when bullets are flying.
This latest, and what many are saying, greatest protective vest is the newest generation in body armor, which compels the obvious question Is this bulletproof? No.
It's bullet-resistant.
It's bullet-resistant to a certain threat level.
If you exceed that threat level, then rounds will go through.
NARRATOR: In this case, "threat level" equals the type of weapon shooting at you plus distance.
But how does one of these things resist and, hopefully, stop a bullet in its tracks? In order to find out, we first must get warped.
Test number one.
All right, so, we're gonna work our way up to this, but why don't we start with the old-school "bulletproof" vests? NARRATOR: First up, Aramid fiber.
It consists of layers of tightly woven synthetic fabric that act together like an array of tiny nets to actually catch a bullet.
For testing purposes, we've taken a square sample from each vest and secured them to metal frames to act as our targets.
Fire in the hole! [Gunshot.]
NARRATOR: Note for those playing at home -- we've shot some footage with black-and-white cameras.
They're more sensitive to light, so we can go faster.
without extra lights.
And it has to be fast to catch a bullet in flight.
Watch what happens to this .
45 slug.
Watch again.
Stopped inside the fabric layers.
But what happens when the vest meets a higher threat level -- a .
30-06 rifle? Fire in the hole! [Gunshot.]
NARRATOR: After leaving the muzzle at more than 1,700 miles per hour, the bullet shatters the sound barrier.
And the result -- clear and deadly.
It goes through that vest like it was a piece of tissue paper.
Unlike handgun rounds, rifle bullets are pointed and much faster.
NEAL: You can overmatch anything, and that's why it's not bulletproof.
It's bullet-resistant for a certain threat level.
NARRATOR: Yeah, you mentioned that earlier.
This is where those smart engineers came in.
They designed a single ceramic plate to join with and bolster the strength of an Aramid vest.
Again, a .
30-06 rifle blast Fire in the hole! NARRATOR: and the bullet is stopped.
There's nothing coming out of the other side.
That's for sure.
Just a solid 1-inch hole.
NARRATOR: The ceramic bolster is effective.
What would happen if we fire again? The second bullet is also stopped.
But our warp-speed cameras capture a serious flaw [Laughs.]
So, what happened? That's, like, so different.
NEAL: Well, what you're seeing there is you're seeing -- All of that nice, shiny stuff is the exit of the ceramic.
The real dark stuff is bits and pieces of lead.
That's a piece of a bullet jacket.
See? It's shiny.
The thing that gets me most is all this ejected material is actually moving as fast as the bullet was moving.
You don't even want to be standing next to the guy who took that round.
I mean, there's shrapnel everywhere.
If I took a round and I'm standing here, you're gonna catch that in your face.
NARRATOR: Clearly, there is room for improvement, and that's where the Dragon Skin vest comes in.
We came up with a segmented solution that has flexibility in it, that will actually wrap around the torso and take shots on the individual disks.
Instead of the cracks propagating across and structurally weakening the entire system, it's isolated and localized.
This lets you get hit potentially several hundred times over the whole body and have it still withstand all those hits.
The idea is to increase the survivability of the officer or the soldier that wears it.
NARRATOR: Let's watch the Dragon do its thing.
It's also covered with Aramid fiber.
Fire in the hole! [Gunshot.]
Nice shot.
NARRATOR: Even after three hits from a high-powered rifle, the Dragon Skin is intact.
It's totally different.
Yeah, what happens is, the bullet is destroyed within the skin of the material you see there.
NARRATOR: Let's compare.
Both vests destroy the bullet, but only the Dragon Skin on the right contains the debris.
Watch it once more.
Even under the Aramid fiber, you can see the scales that shatter the bullet.
The Dragon Skin concept is stunningly effective.
Fire in the hole! [Gunshot.]
[Laughs.]
It's easy to trigger, 'cause all you got to do is go like that, and you're done.
As long as you don't forget.
NARRATOR: Traditionally, now is the time when we would have Jeff put on a vest and take a potshot at him, but being hit by a bullet, even with this vest on, is like standing at home plate and getting Sammy Sosa to hit you with his best shot.
In other words, Jeff just dodged a bullet.
You can smell that gunpowder in the morning.
I like it.
NARRATOR: What is it about fireworks that reduces everyone watching to a universal language containing less than five words? "Ooh.
" "Ahh.
" "Wow.
" "Cool.
" "Run!" But while enjoying fireworks is the simplest of pleasures, creating red rockets bursting in air involves complex events that you never see.
Why? Because most of them are too fast, too far away, and too dangerous to be observed by the naked eye.
What is amazing is all this comes from just this.
For many excellent reasons, Matt Shea of Atlas PyroVision has never tried detonating a commercial firework near ground level until now.
Three, two, one.
SHEA: That's about two ounces of black powder.
That's just a rapid burn zoomed in really close at a really awesome speed.
It's probably about NARRATOR: "Time Warp" is turning its high-speed cameras on the show within the show.
We start on the ground here at the Boston Fire Department training facility.
We figure, when you're playing with fireworks, it can't hurt to have an entire fire department and a dynamite-proof bunker right nearby.
KEARNEY: Something just great about pyrotechnics.
Twisting wires, rolling them back.
All we need is a plunger and a Wile E.
Coyote.
NARRATOR: "Fireworks for Dummies" -- chapter one.
Pellets of black powder, color-coded chemicals, papier-mâché lit in exact sequence equals amazing ooh-and-ahh-type explosions.
-Here we go.
-Okay.
This is gonna get a little hot.
Three, two, one.
NARRATOR: Chemicals like barium produce green My eyes are burned out now.
Anybody want to see red? Why not? NARRATOR: and strontium, red.
But one problem.
We're on the ground floor.
We need to get them up where we can see them.
We got some mortars here so we can really see how they do the work of getting it 1,000 feet in the air.
NARRATOR: So, we can launch the fireworks, but what about our cameras? The plucky "Time Warp" team went to work building a giant tripod.
MAN: Hang on.
[Dramatic music plays.]
[Record scratches.]
So, what are you guys blowing up today? NARRATOR: Oh, look.
It's a Boston fire chief.
[Chuckles.]
Well, hello, Chief.
Uh, what are we not blowing up today? Well, we just looked at how much explosive damage we can do with a firework from the black-powder explosion.
So I think now we're gonna take a look at how much work that can do for us, accelerating a charge upward.
NARRATOR: What could possibly go wrong? Remember the last time the chief paid an on-site visit, the time we mixed boiling oil and water? Whoa! NARRATOR: For obvious reasons, we did not get away without a lecture.
Every year, there are accidents with fireworks, mostly the small commercial kinds, firecrackers and sparklers.
But even with these, even though they're more regulated, if people aren't extra careful, damages can happen.
How fast does this go when it's accelerating out of here? A couple hundred feet per second.
Okay.
So, we're talking near-bullet speeds.
We're gonna need to get to see this thing moving.
SHEA: We ready? Five, four, three, two, one.
All right.
[Firework explodes.]
That's great.
NARRATOR: Was all the fuss worth it? See for yourself.
You cannot even see the ball once it leaves here.
It's engulfed in this flame.
SHEA: You can see the ball just being pushed by the gases.
It's an amazing thing when it's all contained.
It looks like you're just pushing this thing along a tube.
As soon as the gas can actually escape, it goes much faster than it can push the ball.
There's one frame of the ball leaving, right there.
The whole tube in general all kicks down.
Yes.
NARRATOR: Now, we know what you're saying.
Where is the airburst? Patience.
Patience, dear viewer.
Matt Shea pre-rigged a loaded shell to a boom arm and raised it 20 feet, the same height as the camera on our super tripod.
When the shell is detonated, our high-speed camera will be right there to catch all the action.
Let's blow something up.
Let's blow something up.
Let's blow something up.
NARRATOR: Now to the "Time Warp" command bunker.
We'll see you after the blast.
Have fun.
Enjoy.
And action.
SHEA: Five, four, three, two, one.
[Bang.]
Wow.
One got in here.
Yes, she did.
One got in here.
Is it on fire still? Nope.
Almost killed our sound man.
NARRATOR: Well, at least it missed the fire chief.
And we did get the shot.
I am amazed that you were able to shoot one under the door.
That was good.
And this is the one that went in our room.
NARRATOR: At warp speed, we can see the stars bouncing off the ground and how they slow down after the initial blast has ended to give a cascading effect.
Meanwhile, outside MAN: We got a fire out there.
Fire? Fire? Oh, that's good.
We're in the right place for that.
-Did we set that off? -Yes, we did.
NARRATOR: These hay bales are usually used for fire-department training exercises, although one wasn't planned for today.
Safe to say, we've officially worn out our welcome.
But this serves as a concrete reminder not to take fireworks lightly.
We could not be more serious when we say again, never try this at home.
[Bang.]
-Wow.
One got in here.
-Yes, she did.
NARRATOR: Something you want to see warped? Check us out on the Discovery Channel Website, discovery.
com/timewarp, and the warp you see just might be your own.

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