Secrets Declassified with David Duchovny (2025) s01e05 Episode Script
Mind Games
1
Throughout time,
governments and the people
who work for them have
done strange and even terrible
things in the name of national interest.
Tonight, soldiers spiked
with dangerous drugs.
No one's going to volunteer
to test brain-frying chemicals.
And citizens with unusual
gifts recruited to spy.
Psychic spies would be
able to unlock Soviet secrets.
What about channeling an enemy's
deepest fears to defeat them?
The viet cong began
hearing these disembodied,
echoing voices.
These soldiers are
terrified that their very
worst nightmares
might have come to life.
Sometimes the best weapons
governments use are mind games.
Now it's time to bring
these strange secrets to light.
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The 1950s is a boom time
for pharmaceutical companies.
They're turning out
radical new psychoactive
drugs that give some in
the U.S. military an idea.
Could these drugs be
turned into weapons?
To find out, they decide to
test them on American soldiers.
Edgewood arsenal,
Maryland, headquarters
of the U.S. chemical and
biological defense command.
The military is attempting to
create a non-lethal weapon,
something that can incapacitate
the soldiers on the other side,
but not necessarily kill them.
So at edge wood arsenal,
they began developing
psychoactive compounds.
They decide that their best candidate
is this substance
known as 3-quinuclidinyl
benzilate, or bz.
Bz is developed as a stomach medicine.
Side effects like confusion
and hallucinations
mean it never gets fda approval.
But it's those side effects
that interest the army.
Now the team faces a problem.
Where will they find people to test bz on?
The army gives them permission
to recruit volunteer soldiers
from around the country.
Recruiters tell the troops
they'll be testing equipment.
The edge wood team wants
to record exactly what happens
to the volunteers on bz.
So they construct a mock
communications outpost
and fill it with cameras to
record their experiments.
The team doses four
volunteers with varying
amounts of this horrific drug.
They want to see how these
young men are going to react
while they're high on bz.
And they test them across
a broad range of scenarios,
including simulating a poison gas attack.
The peak of the
compound's physical effects
was reached within
four to six hours, the peak
of mental incapacitation
several hours later,
when a simulated
chemical alarm sounded.
The initial results are promising.
The men are distracted.
They're disoriented.
It seems like bz is the non-lethal weapon
the army dreamed of.
Soon bz testing takes an ominous turn.
Ronald zadrozny is the soldier
given the highest dose of bz.
And this causes him to go
into a drug-induced psychosis
for 36 hours, and he still has
lingering effects afterwards,
which makes him nervous and panicky.
Other volunteers are also badly affected,
but the army decides the
experiments should continue.
In November 1964, the edge wood team
is ready to test bz outside.
They settle on dug way
proving ground as a safe space
to test this out of doors.
When you're at dug way, you
are far away from prying eyes.
You're out in the middle of nowhere.
In that way, dug way is
the perfect place to go.
The men suit up in the
pre-dawn cold and are
then doused with the gas.
These unfortunate troops are
dosed with choking amounts
of bz gas for 15 minutes.
Then these befuddled
volunteers are taken for evaluation.
The test proves that bz
can incapacitate soldiers,
making them unable to fight.
The army is convinced of
the potential for bz weapons
on the battlefield.
Meanwhile, back at
edge wood, testing on bz
variants continues.
In 1975, after details of CIA
LSD experiments leak out,
president Ford instructs
vp Nelson rockefeller
to investigate.
The rockefeller commission
starts to go through
the army's dirty laundry.
And in June 1975, they haul army
bosses in to interrogate them
about the edge wood experiments.
When the congressional
investigators ask them what's
going on, they just start
fessing up like boy scouts
and they tell them, like,
yeah, the bz testing is ongoing
and it's been going on for years.
The things that have been done,
which are in contradiction to the statutes.
But
The army admits that
somewhere between 2,100
and 2,900 volunteers were subjected
to bz gas during the
course of their experiments.
Bz is not the only drug they test.
The us army dosed
some 7,000 unsuspecting
soldiers with more than
250 different chemical agents.
The volunteers aren't
told what they're testing,
so there's no way they
could give informed consent.
So basically, the soldiers
are being treated like lab rats.
So the lawmakers are naturally furious.
In 1975, the bz research
program is shut down,
but that doesn't stop U.S. intelligence
agencies from developing
other ways to play mind games.
In 1968, they decided
to turn the viet cong's
own weapons against them.
It's the summer of 1968, and U.S. troops
are fighting the communist viet cong
near the Cambodian border.
A north Vietnamese
fighter takes deadly aim
at a vulnerable gi on patrol.
But when the communist
soldier pulls the trigger,
he signs his own death warrant.
His Chinese-made
ak-56 explodes on firing
killing him instantly.
The gi got lucky, but
this is not a one-off.
The thing about these deadly misfires
is that they weren't accidents at all.
The extraordinary truth
is that the exploding guns
are the result of a secret
U.S. military operation.
Anybody who's ever fired a gun
has the same nightmare
that one day they're
going to pull the trigger,
and the round in the chamber
is going to blow up in their own face.
And this nightmare is exactly what
was playing through the mind
of every vc combat member
during Vietnam.
It's not until 30 years later that a book
by a Vietnam vet reveals the operation,
code named eldest son.
The Vietnam studies
and operations group
was charged with a
mission to undermine the will
to fight of the viet cong.
The sog identified that
along the ho chi minh trail,
there were several
munitions cache areas where
the viet cong would resupply
ammunition, actual bullets
and rounds for their guns.
The recon teams were finding
these caches of ammunition.
So they come up with this brilliant idea.
And that is, rather than trying to haul
this ammo off or destroy it on sight,
why don't we just sabotage it?
But importantly, not sabotage all of it.
Sabotage some of it.
They'll make the communists
afraid of their own guns
by booby trapping their bullets.
But how would they pull this off?
Sabotage is a very tricky business,
because it's part engineering
and part espionage.
And that's exactly what the sog had
to do to find a way to
engineer a round that
would explode, but still
look like other rounds.
First, they refill the
bullets with high explosive.
But there's a problem.
The most commonly available
military-grade explosive
at the time actually
had a white color to it
that did not match the
gunpowder that was inside
the round itself.
If the communists investigate,
they'll detect the fakes.
So the sog had to create
a whole new different kind
of explosive that had the same power
but matched the color of black powder.
The next challenge is how to
get the sabotaged bullets back
in viet cong hands.
Sog's green beret
reconnaissance patrols come
up with an ingenious solution.
So the viet cong don't suspect sabotage,
they make sure to load
up only one phony bullet
in each magazine or ammo can.
We're not going to kill
them one soldier at a time,
one bullet at a time.
What we're going to do is we're going
to create psychological chaos
among the enemy's ranks.
And that's a pretty big win
for a pretty low investment.
Eldest son is so successful in Vietnam
that the U.S. makes it
part of its psychological
warfare arsenal.
It will use the tactic again years
later in Iraq and Afghanistan.
- In world war ii, the U.S.
- army creates a top secret unit
whose sole job is fooling the enemy.
It calls itself the ghost
army for a very good reason.
Nothing about this army is real.
It's 1944, and the United States
is preparing to take the
fight to Hitler by invading
Nazi-occupied Europe.
America needs to leverage
any advantage they can find.
So army chiefs turn to an industry
where the nation leads
the world, show business.
The Pentagon creates the ghost army.
They're not using
rifles and machine guns.
This unit will ultimately use Hollywood
stagecraft to fight the enemy.
The purpose of the ghost
army is to create diversions
and feints and deception.
Officially known as the 23rd
headquarters special troops,
the ghost army is made
up of just 1,100 men.
The concept is that
you're engaging in force
multiplication by having
a small group of soldiers
pretend, and give the enemy
the impression that they're
actually a very large group
of soldiers, up to two divisions.
So you have a unit
with about 1,000 people
in it that is able to make the
enemy think it's 30,000 strong.
In June 1944, the ghost army vanguard
task force Mason gets an
airlift onto the battleground
in France.
Here, their mission is to support
the U.S. 928th artillery division
by providing an attractive
target for German gunners.
The ghost army inflate a series of rubber
howitzers matching the real guns.
The idea is to draw in the Nazi fire
to get them to focus on that area
where these inflatable weapons are,
as opposed to where
American soldiers actually are.
The ghost army has to keep
their inflatable guns ahead
of the real artillery for almost a month,
taking as many hits
as possible themselves.
So these guys are either
just really, really brave or really
crazy, possibly both.
Over the next 12 months, the
ghost army supports the allies
in some 20 operations before
this wartime Hollywood team
gives their finest performance
on the banks of the rhine
in march 1945.
The biggest obstacle
that we had to confront
after the normandy landings
was crossing the rhine.
General patton and his ninth army
are trapped behind the
river, which blocks them
off from the path to Berlin.
Rivers are a natural obstacle,
especially to heavy-treaded
vehicles like tanks.
You have to bring in army engineers,
start erecting Bridges.
It turns into a big mess.
Meanwhile, German forces
are waiting on the other side,
and they're just poised to rain hell
on any allied troops that try to make
that difficult river crossing.
The ghost army is ordered
to divert German defenders'
attention from patton's
crossing point to draw
the fiercest German fire.
The first phase is to generate
sneaky signals traffic.
Ghost army communications
teams fill the airwaves
with bogus radio chatter,
creating the illusion
of a huge army on the move.
But that's just the
beginning for the ghost army.
During the day, Sonic teams play
the sound of heavy construction through
500-pound speaker systems.
To the Germans on the other side,
it sounds as if pontoon
Bridges are being constructed.
The enemy would then be
led to believe that I'm about
to be attacked by this
very powerful force,
when in actuality, all that was
over there were a couple of jeeps
with loudspeakers on them.
The supporting cast plays
its part behind the lines,
but the key part of the
operation is yet to come.
The Germans are conducting
daily photo reconnaissance
sorties over allied lines,
measuring what our strength
looks like across the river.
So that if there's any noticeable build up,
those photo reconnaissance
aircraft, they will detect it.
To fool these pilots,
the ghost army creates
an entirely fake front line.
600 inflatable sherman tanks
and field artillery pieces are
moved into position
purposely so that an aircraft can
photograph them, and the
enemy can then be left to wonder,
all right, it looks like
there's a build-up here.
The Nazis react as intended,
pounding the ghost army's
position with artillery fire.
Three of the unit lose their
lives, but the ruse works.
Patton's army crosses
the rhine miles up the river,
facing only scattered Nazi resistance.
They take only minimal casualties.
This is a critical victory for the allies.
In 2024, the ghost army is presented
with the congressional
gold medal for heroism.
It can be quite difficult to quantify
psychological operations,
but it has been estimated
that the ghost army saved tens
of thousands of American lives
during the war.
1953, the CIA starts an experiment
with a top secret goal
find drugs to control the human mind.
It will become one of the government's
most notorious projects.
Its name is mkultra.
CIA director Allen
Dulles has a big problem.
There was a great fear at the time
that American prisoners
held by the north Koreans
were being subjected to brainwashing.
The CIA suspects that the
communists might be utilizing
mind altering drugs, not
only to extract information,
but to reprogram the brains
of American soldiers in captivity.
The CIA suspects that one of them
is a new wonder drug called
lysergic acid diethylamide,
popularly known as LSD.
LSD was discovered in 1943
by Albert hofmann at sandoz labs.
It's still pretty untested,
but it has the potential
of being the greatest
mind-altering drug that
the agency has come across so far.
The CIA director initiates a program
to explore the brainwashing
potential of LSD
and other psychoactive drugs.
You have to understand the sense
of emergency that was
gripping the United States
in the early 1950s.
What Dulles wanted and
why mkultra was created
was a search for a silver
bullet, a magic potion that
would break down the
person who ingested it
or break down his facade of lies.
The CIA hopes to use
brainwashing on spies,
foreign prisoners, and
ultimately even foreign leaders
like fidel Castro.
Dulles charges chemist
and poison expert
Sidney gottlieb to run the program.
Gottlieb spends $240,000
to buy as much LSD
as he can get his hands on.
Gottlieb went to sandoz
and said, I'll buy it all.
I want to corner the market on this stuff.
And Sidney gottlieb became america's
first government-authorized drug dealer.
He is the man who
brought LSD to the CIA.
Gottlieb decides the best way to evaluate
this incredibly powerful new
psychedelic drug is to test it
on humans across the country.
Mkultra funds 149 research projects
across 80 institutions.
The CIA has never wanted for money.
Cash is its most powerful secret weapon.
Among the institutions taking part
in gottlieb's experiments
are 44 colleges and universities,
as well as hospitals,
pharmaceutical companies
and even prisons.
All manner of drugs became
the focus of these experiments,
and all manner of unwitting
human Guinea pigs.
For example, there was a
federal prison in Kentucky
that housed people who had been heroin
junkies before their arrest.
A number of these prisoners
were inducted into the mkultra
program, and without their knowledge,
they were fed LSD for 77 days in a row.
What this essentially meant is that you
were in a drug-induced
schizophrenic state.
I can't imagine that
these were good trips.
In 1957, gottlieb enlists
Canadian psychiatrist
ewen Cameron.
Between 1957 and 1964, Cameron
conducts a series of hideous
experiments for the CIA,
attempting to use LSD and
other extreme treatments
to break down the human
mind and rebuild it from scratch.
Ewen Cameron softens his
patients up by getting them
into an Insulin-induced coma.
He then exposes them
to LSD and other forms
of psychological torture.
The subjects of these experiments
had no idea they were in the middle
of a giant CIA experiment.
They were just normal people
looking for psychiatric help,
and they came out destroyed.
Gottlieb takes some of his most extreme
experiments overseas.
The CIA set up secret detention centers
across Asia and even in
Europe, far away enough
from home and congressional oversight
so they won't attract
any unwanted attention.
Here, gottlieb's team will experiment
on suspects like foreign agents captured
by the CIA for other reasons.
They call these subjects expendable.
Mkultra runs for 20 years.
We don't know how
many people were affected
or how badly they were harmed.
But nothing works, and
brainwashing remains elusive.
The CIA cancels mkultra
and gottlieb retires in 1973.
They know it's not a
good look for the agency.
So to Bury the evidence, gottlieb
and outgoing CIA director helms decide
to destroy all of the records.
Gottlieb literally takes box
upon box of hard copy mkultra
documentation back to the
CIA archive to have is shredded
and destroyed.
But he doesn't quite
manage to destroy all of it.
Those remaining mkultra documents will
come back to haunt the CIA.
In 1975, congress
launches an investigation
into the agency exposing
projects like mkultra.
Sidney gottlieb testifies before congress,
but claims he doesn't remember
much about the experiments,
and he gets off scot-free.
The CIA officers who
took part in this doubtless
felt that the United States was at war,
and that there were
no rules in such a game.
The mission was more
important than the rules,
even though those rules might
be the laws of god and man.
In the 1950s, communist
militias are battling U.S.
Influence across the pacific.
To gain an edge.
American psyops teams
turned to mind games.
The Philippines, early 1950s.
The U.S. backed Filipino government
is fighting an insurrection by
guerrillas known as the huk.
The huk rebellion was
a communist rebellion,
and like others in Southeast Asia,
it was seen as something
that the United States
had to conquer.
The U.S. is on the
defensive as huk rebels
hidden in the dense forests threaten
to overrun nearby towns.
But as the guerrillas
prepare their next assault,
these fierce fighters stumble
across something unsettling.
Early one morning, a
group of devoted huk rebels
is moving through the jungle.
What they find chills them to the bone.
They find one of their
missing soldiers lying dead.
His body is completely drained of blood.
There's no bullet wounds.
There's no blade marks.
Instead, there's just two
small punctures in his neck.
The reason why is revealed
in a 1972 memoir written
by a man involved in the conflict,
local CIA station chief Edward lansdale.
Edward lansdale was a
firm proponent of the use
of psychological warfare.
He really believes that if
you can terrify your enemies,
you make them a lot less
effective on the battlefield.
Lansdale knows of a local legend
he can use to beat the huk, using
fear instead of firepower.
Every culture has its scary monsters.
And in the case of the Philippines,
one of the key monsters is the aswang.
An aswang is a shape shifting,
vampiric, blood sucking demon.
Edward lansdale wants to harness
the local cultural beliefs of fear
around this sort of vampire and use
that to terrorize the
people in the countryside.
Lansdale gets a native
Filipino psychological warfare
team under his
command to spread rumors
among the locals in town.
They claim a terrifying
vampiric aswang demon has
been seen stalking the area.
The word starts to reverberate
throughout the community,
and it scares people.
Next, lansdale ups the ante.
Lansdale's psychological warfare team
creeps into the jungle
and sets up an ambush.
It's very dark in the forest at night,
so they have no problem hiding.
When a huk patrol comes along,
they wait for the very last man
and then grab him
without making a sound.
They kill him without leaving
any marks on the body.
Then they puncture his neck
with two small puncture wounds.
They hang it by its feet
so that all of the blood
will drain out through the wounds.
The body is then taken and left
in a rebel-held area where they know
it's going to be discovered.
When the huks come
back through the area,
they find their comrade drained of blood.
These huk soldiers are terrified
that their very worst nightmares
might have come to life.
They abandon their stronghold,
and they stop launching
attacks in that region.
In 1954, the huk surrendered
to philippine troops
and the rebellion is over, in no small part
thanks to lansdale's tactics.
One reason governments use
psyops is because they work.
In 1969, the U.S. tries a
new kind of terrifying mind
game against the viet cong.
By the beginning of 1969,
American forces are getting
bogged down in Vietnam.
The U.S. is going all out with saturation
bombing and even chemical warfare,
but it's just not working.
If anything, the viet cong
are winning the upper hand.
There are some people that suggest
that maybe the United States
should try a different tactic.
Then something stirs in the forest.
Vc troops operating at night begin
to hear anguished, disembodied voices
echoing through the darkness.
When you're patrolling
in the jungle at night,
your senses are limited.
So you can only imagine how creepy
it must have been to hear
these sort of disembodied voices.
The ghosts are all part of a campaign
of psychological warfare against
north Vietnamese troops.
It's called operation wandering soul.
We are playing on north
Vietnamese superstitions
by claiming that the wandering souls
of their unburied dead in the
south are guiding our bombs.
The average viet cong
soldier is a teenager who's not
particularly well educated.
They're very superstitious, if you will.
They believe that spirits
can haunt the earth.
If your body is left
unburied, the presumption
is that the soul can't move on, that it
becomes a wandering soul.
But where are these ghostly
voices really coming from?
No surprise, but the haunting
voices, they're not ghosts.
Instead, they're American
tape recordings being blared out
from massive speaker systems.
Psyops teams put Vietnamese voices
through an echo chamber.
They process it and add horror show
sound effects to up the ante.
We don't know how
effective wandering soul
was against the enemy, but
we do know it spooked our allies.
There are specific
orders issued to the army
that they are not to play this in earshot
of their south Vietnamese allies,
because it wasn't just
affecting the target audience,
the viet cong, but it was
also affecting our allies
and scaring the hell out of them, too.
During the 1970s,
U.S. spy agencies report
that the Soviet union is experimenting
with a new espionage tool, telepathy.
They respond with a mission
that sounds out of this world,
project Stargate.
At the Stanford research institute,
scientists funded by the
CIA are running a series
of experiments to test a
psychic technique known
as remote viewing, the
ability to telepathically
see faraway things using
only the power of the mind.
The agency hopes it will help
them spy on the Soviet union.
These guys are so
desperate for information
from behind the iron curtain
that they will try anything.
So maybe, just maybe,
this remote viewing
could be the way to get it and
with no risk of getting caught.
If it works, the U.S. government
would gain a way to systematically create
psychic spies, and that would
give an incredible advantage
to the national security infrastructure
of the United States.
It would change the
nature of warfare forever.
American doctor and paranormal
enthusiast andrija puharich hears
of a promising potential candidate.
He's a former Israeli paratrooper
who claims to possess
paranormal powers, uri geller.
Puharich introduces geller
to the remote viewing researchers.
At Stanford, geller's psychic ability
will be put to the test.
Researchers film the trials.
15 drawings were placed
in double sealed envelopes
in a safe.
Geller's task was to draw what
he perceived in the envelope.
What they hope he'll be able to do
is reproduce images
only through utilizing
the power of his mind.
If he could do what he said he could do,
it could transform the world
of intelligence collection.
This is geller's representation
of what he believed was
sealed in the envelope.
At no time during these experiments
did he have any advance knowledge
of the target material.
A secret report from
1973 reveals that geller
seems to be getting results.
So to get ahead of the Soviets,
they doubled down on
paranormal research.
The CIA transfers the
remote viewing research
to the defense
intelligence agency, or dia,
who embark on a series of
projects later consolidated
under the code name Stargate.
Stargate is the dia's ultimate mind game.
If it works, it could maybe
even win the whole cold war.
The government decides it's time
to test remote viewing during
major international events.
First, they try it when a Soviet bomber
crashes into dense jungle in
the Central African Republic.
If america can find the plane first,
they'll be able to study the secret Soviet
technology inside.
This is an opportunity too good to miss.
Time is running out.
They need to act quickly.
However, conventional
intelligence is drawing a blank.
They have to think outside the box.
Intelligence teams call in a Stargate
test subject, Rosemary Smith.
They show Smith the part of Africa
where they believe the
plane has gone down.
Rosemary Smith
actually used a technique
she called map dowsing.
She took a pendulum, and it
was a weight on the end of it,
and she uses that to divine the location
of the downed jet.
She eventually settles on a location.
The team converts those to coordinates.
The ground team went
out, and lo and behold,
the bomber was there, very
close to the exact location
where she said it was going to be.
It's a win for the remote viewing team.
So now they apply it in
a high-stakes situation
where U.S. citizens are in danger.
Islamic fundamentalists have just taken
over the country, when
radicals invade the U.S. embassy
and seize more than
60 American hostages.
I'm from Utah.
I was a political secretary, and I'm 33.
Hunkered down in fort
Meade, the Stargate team focus
on Iran and the American hostages.
One of the remote viewers claims
he has a vision of a sick
hostage on a stretcher.
But which one?
He suggests the hostage is associated
with a royal playing card.
You know, like the king,
the queen, or the Jack.
Just four days later, a hostage
suffering from multiple sclerosis
is released and flown home.
His name is Richard queen.
The vision of the stricken
man and a royal card
matching his last name, which is queen,
suggest that this is a hit.
Maybe they're actually on to something.
Stargate research continues
for years until the mid-'90s,
when the government
questions how much it really
is bringing to the table.
Lawmakers want to know what is
the upshot of decades of big dollar
dia spending on this
strange secret program?
They tasked the CIA
to evaluate Stargate.
In September 1995, the
CIA releases its report.
It is kind of eerie, but incredibly enough,
this report suggests that remote viewing
generates more so-called
hits than you'd get
by simple chance alone.
In other words, there might
be something more than random
guessing going on here.
But even when there are so-called hits,
the research does not show that they are
caused by paranormal means.
The report does not explain
the better-than-chance
hit rate.
To this day, no one has.
But that can't save the
remote viewing program.
In June 1995, the Stargate
program is finally shut down.
During the 1950s, the
U.S. and Soviet union
install ballistic missiles on submarines.
But it's hard to communicate
with these subs underwater.
Reports suggest
scientists from both nations
try something unusual, mind games.
An article in a French
scientific magazine
sends shock waves
through the Soviet Navy.
This former French resistance
fighter turned Sci-Fi author,
Jacques bergier, claims he
has inside information about mind
games on board the
world's first nuclear powered
submarine, the USS "nautilus."
The "nautilus" has just
made an incredible record
breaking journey.
It has stayed submerged
for six whole days
and it has traveled
underneath the north pole.
Bergier's article claims
that on the "nautilus" voyage,
the Navy tests a new
form of sub to shore
communication, telepathy.
Communication with the submarine
is a huge challenge,
because when they're
underwater, for the most part, they can't
receive radio broadcasts.
So the thought was, well,
what if we could use telepathy?
What if we could use esp to accomplish
this super important task?
It sounds incredible, but
worryingly to the Soviets,
this article claims that
paranormal mental communication
is working.
Bergier's article is making
some fantastical claims
that they have a person
on the sub underwater
who is sending telepathic
communications to a person
on land who receives them.
That's kind of bonkers.
The experiments themselves,
according to bergier's article,
were using something
called zener cards, which were
commonly used in esp research.
The sender would look
at cards, and the receiver
would attempt to identify the shapes
that he saw on these cards.
And according to bergier,
it worked fantastically well.
This story is impossible to verify.
But if it's true, it's a game changer.
"Nautilus" could receive
its firing orders while still
hidden deep beneath the waves.
A form of communication that is silent
and can't be intercepted by the enemy
is just what they need.
The Soviets are playing catch-up.
They come up with their
own psychic test, which is
revealed in a declassified CIA report.
Buried in the documents
are details of a sinister
Soviet sub-to-shore
telepathy experiment,
this one using animals.
Soviet scientist pavel naumov
is pursuing research that
suggests there's a strong psychic link
between mother and child
that could make telepathy easier.
His theory is that no matter
how far apart the mother
and child are, the mother can
sense the death of that child,
that they are connected.
To test the idea, Soviet
scientists separate a mother
rabbit from her babies.
They send her young out
on a submarine far out to sea.
On land, the scientists insert electrodes
into the mother rabbit's skull so they
can measure the electrical
activity in her brain.
Then the telepathic
communication test begins.
On the submarine deep underwater,
these scientists are taking
the baby rabbits and one by one
mercilessly executing them.
Back on shore, naumov,
the Soviet scientist,
was monitoring the brain
activity of the mother rabbit.
Surprisingly, the test seems to work.
Naumov claims that
the mother rabbit's brain
has a signal spike every time
one of her little baby bunnies
is murdered.
This spurs a fever of activity
inside the Soviet union, so that by 1967,
there are 30 labs spending millions
of rubles on this sort of
weird paranormal research.
The record kind of goes dark after that.
I'm sure the Soviets
continue to try telepathy,
but in the end, there's no
evidence that this was ever put
into practice successfully.
From dangerous psychedelic
drugs to projects designed
to trick the enemy, nations have always
used mind games as weapons.
Sometimes these tactics are disturbing,
but sometimes they
lead to surprising victories.
I'm David duchovny.
Thanks for watching
"secrets declassified."
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Throughout time,
governments and the people
who work for them have
done strange and even terrible
things in the name of national interest.
Tonight, soldiers spiked
with dangerous drugs.
No one's going to volunteer
to test brain-frying chemicals.
And citizens with unusual
gifts recruited to spy.
Psychic spies would be
able to unlock Soviet secrets.
What about channeling an enemy's
deepest fears to defeat them?
The viet cong began
hearing these disembodied,
echoing voices.
These soldiers are
terrified that their very
worst nightmares
might have come to life.
Sometimes the best weapons
governments use are mind games.
Now it's time to bring
these strange secrets to light.
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The 1950s is a boom time
for pharmaceutical companies.
They're turning out
radical new psychoactive
drugs that give some in
the U.S. military an idea.
Could these drugs be
turned into weapons?
To find out, they decide to
test them on American soldiers.
Edgewood arsenal,
Maryland, headquarters
of the U.S. chemical and
biological defense command.
The military is attempting to
create a non-lethal weapon,
something that can incapacitate
the soldiers on the other side,
but not necessarily kill them.
So at edge wood arsenal,
they began developing
psychoactive compounds.
They decide that their best candidate
is this substance
known as 3-quinuclidinyl
benzilate, or bz.
Bz is developed as a stomach medicine.
Side effects like confusion
and hallucinations
mean it never gets fda approval.
But it's those side effects
that interest the army.
Now the team faces a problem.
Where will they find people to test bz on?
The army gives them permission
to recruit volunteer soldiers
from around the country.
Recruiters tell the troops
they'll be testing equipment.
The edge wood team wants
to record exactly what happens
to the volunteers on bz.
So they construct a mock
communications outpost
and fill it with cameras to
record their experiments.
The team doses four
volunteers with varying
amounts of this horrific drug.
They want to see how these
young men are going to react
while they're high on bz.
And they test them across
a broad range of scenarios,
including simulating a poison gas attack.
The peak of the
compound's physical effects
was reached within
four to six hours, the peak
of mental incapacitation
several hours later,
when a simulated
chemical alarm sounded.
The initial results are promising.
The men are distracted.
They're disoriented.
It seems like bz is the non-lethal weapon
the army dreamed of.
Soon bz testing takes an ominous turn.
Ronald zadrozny is the soldier
given the highest dose of bz.
And this causes him to go
into a drug-induced psychosis
for 36 hours, and he still has
lingering effects afterwards,
which makes him nervous and panicky.
Other volunteers are also badly affected,
but the army decides the
experiments should continue.
In November 1964, the edge wood team
is ready to test bz outside.
They settle on dug way
proving ground as a safe space
to test this out of doors.
When you're at dug way, you
are far away from prying eyes.
You're out in the middle of nowhere.
In that way, dug way is
the perfect place to go.
The men suit up in the
pre-dawn cold and are
then doused with the gas.
These unfortunate troops are
dosed with choking amounts
of bz gas for 15 minutes.
Then these befuddled
volunteers are taken for evaluation.
The test proves that bz
can incapacitate soldiers,
making them unable to fight.
The army is convinced of
the potential for bz weapons
on the battlefield.
Meanwhile, back at
edge wood, testing on bz
variants continues.
In 1975, after details of CIA
LSD experiments leak out,
president Ford instructs
vp Nelson rockefeller
to investigate.
The rockefeller commission
starts to go through
the army's dirty laundry.
And in June 1975, they haul army
bosses in to interrogate them
about the edge wood experiments.
When the congressional
investigators ask them what's
going on, they just start
fessing up like boy scouts
and they tell them, like,
yeah, the bz testing is ongoing
and it's been going on for years.
The things that have been done,
which are in contradiction to the statutes.
But
The army admits that
somewhere between 2,100
and 2,900 volunteers were subjected
to bz gas during the
course of their experiments.
Bz is not the only drug they test.
The us army dosed
some 7,000 unsuspecting
soldiers with more than
250 different chemical agents.
The volunteers aren't
told what they're testing,
so there's no way they
could give informed consent.
So basically, the soldiers
are being treated like lab rats.
So the lawmakers are naturally furious.
In 1975, the bz research
program is shut down,
but that doesn't stop U.S. intelligence
agencies from developing
other ways to play mind games.
In 1968, they decided
to turn the viet cong's
own weapons against them.
It's the summer of 1968, and U.S. troops
are fighting the communist viet cong
near the Cambodian border.
A north Vietnamese
fighter takes deadly aim
at a vulnerable gi on patrol.
But when the communist
soldier pulls the trigger,
he signs his own death warrant.
His Chinese-made
ak-56 explodes on firing
killing him instantly.
The gi got lucky, but
this is not a one-off.
The thing about these deadly misfires
is that they weren't accidents at all.
The extraordinary truth
is that the exploding guns
are the result of a secret
U.S. military operation.
Anybody who's ever fired a gun
has the same nightmare
that one day they're
going to pull the trigger,
and the round in the chamber
is going to blow up in their own face.
And this nightmare is exactly what
was playing through the mind
of every vc combat member
during Vietnam.
It's not until 30 years later that a book
by a Vietnam vet reveals the operation,
code named eldest son.
The Vietnam studies
and operations group
was charged with a
mission to undermine the will
to fight of the viet cong.
The sog identified that
along the ho chi minh trail,
there were several
munitions cache areas where
the viet cong would resupply
ammunition, actual bullets
and rounds for their guns.
The recon teams were finding
these caches of ammunition.
So they come up with this brilliant idea.
And that is, rather than trying to haul
this ammo off or destroy it on sight,
why don't we just sabotage it?
But importantly, not sabotage all of it.
Sabotage some of it.
They'll make the communists
afraid of their own guns
by booby trapping their bullets.
But how would they pull this off?
Sabotage is a very tricky business,
because it's part engineering
and part espionage.
And that's exactly what the sog had
to do to find a way to
engineer a round that
would explode, but still
look like other rounds.
First, they refill the
bullets with high explosive.
But there's a problem.
The most commonly available
military-grade explosive
at the time actually
had a white color to it
that did not match the
gunpowder that was inside
the round itself.
If the communists investigate,
they'll detect the fakes.
So the sog had to create
a whole new different kind
of explosive that had the same power
but matched the color of black powder.
The next challenge is how to
get the sabotaged bullets back
in viet cong hands.
Sog's green beret
reconnaissance patrols come
up with an ingenious solution.
So the viet cong don't suspect sabotage,
they make sure to load
up only one phony bullet
in each magazine or ammo can.
We're not going to kill
them one soldier at a time,
one bullet at a time.
What we're going to do is we're going
to create psychological chaos
among the enemy's ranks.
And that's a pretty big win
for a pretty low investment.
Eldest son is so successful in Vietnam
that the U.S. makes it
part of its psychological
warfare arsenal.
It will use the tactic again years
later in Iraq and Afghanistan.
- In world war ii, the U.S.
- army creates a top secret unit
whose sole job is fooling the enemy.
It calls itself the ghost
army for a very good reason.
Nothing about this army is real.
It's 1944, and the United States
is preparing to take the
fight to Hitler by invading
Nazi-occupied Europe.
America needs to leverage
any advantage they can find.
So army chiefs turn to an industry
where the nation leads
the world, show business.
The Pentagon creates the ghost army.
They're not using
rifles and machine guns.
This unit will ultimately use Hollywood
stagecraft to fight the enemy.
The purpose of the ghost
army is to create diversions
and feints and deception.
Officially known as the 23rd
headquarters special troops,
the ghost army is made
up of just 1,100 men.
The concept is that
you're engaging in force
multiplication by having
a small group of soldiers
pretend, and give the enemy
the impression that they're
actually a very large group
of soldiers, up to two divisions.
So you have a unit
with about 1,000 people
in it that is able to make the
enemy think it's 30,000 strong.
In June 1944, the ghost army vanguard
task force Mason gets an
airlift onto the battleground
in France.
Here, their mission is to support
the U.S. 928th artillery division
by providing an attractive
target for German gunners.
The ghost army inflate a series of rubber
howitzers matching the real guns.
The idea is to draw in the Nazi fire
to get them to focus on that area
where these inflatable weapons are,
as opposed to where
American soldiers actually are.
The ghost army has to keep
their inflatable guns ahead
of the real artillery for almost a month,
taking as many hits
as possible themselves.
So these guys are either
just really, really brave or really
crazy, possibly both.
Over the next 12 months, the
ghost army supports the allies
in some 20 operations before
this wartime Hollywood team
gives their finest performance
on the banks of the rhine
in march 1945.
The biggest obstacle
that we had to confront
after the normandy landings
was crossing the rhine.
General patton and his ninth army
are trapped behind the
river, which blocks them
off from the path to Berlin.
Rivers are a natural obstacle,
especially to heavy-treaded
vehicles like tanks.
You have to bring in army engineers,
start erecting Bridges.
It turns into a big mess.
Meanwhile, German forces
are waiting on the other side,
and they're just poised to rain hell
on any allied troops that try to make
that difficult river crossing.
The ghost army is ordered
to divert German defenders'
attention from patton's
crossing point to draw
the fiercest German fire.
The first phase is to generate
sneaky signals traffic.
Ghost army communications
teams fill the airwaves
with bogus radio chatter,
creating the illusion
of a huge army on the move.
But that's just the
beginning for the ghost army.
During the day, Sonic teams play
the sound of heavy construction through
500-pound speaker systems.
To the Germans on the other side,
it sounds as if pontoon
Bridges are being constructed.
The enemy would then be
led to believe that I'm about
to be attacked by this
very powerful force,
when in actuality, all that was
over there were a couple of jeeps
with loudspeakers on them.
The supporting cast plays
its part behind the lines,
but the key part of the
operation is yet to come.
The Germans are conducting
daily photo reconnaissance
sorties over allied lines,
measuring what our strength
looks like across the river.
So that if there's any noticeable build up,
those photo reconnaissance
aircraft, they will detect it.
To fool these pilots,
the ghost army creates
an entirely fake front line.
600 inflatable sherman tanks
and field artillery pieces are
moved into position
purposely so that an aircraft can
photograph them, and the
enemy can then be left to wonder,
all right, it looks like
there's a build-up here.
The Nazis react as intended,
pounding the ghost army's
position with artillery fire.
Three of the unit lose their
lives, but the ruse works.
Patton's army crosses
the rhine miles up the river,
facing only scattered Nazi resistance.
They take only minimal casualties.
This is a critical victory for the allies.
In 2024, the ghost army is presented
with the congressional
gold medal for heroism.
It can be quite difficult to quantify
psychological operations,
but it has been estimated
that the ghost army saved tens
of thousands of American lives
during the war.
1953, the CIA starts an experiment
with a top secret goal
find drugs to control the human mind.
It will become one of the government's
most notorious projects.
Its name is mkultra.
CIA director Allen
Dulles has a big problem.
There was a great fear at the time
that American prisoners
held by the north Koreans
were being subjected to brainwashing.
The CIA suspects that the
communists might be utilizing
mind altering drugs, not
only to extract information,
but to reprogram the brains
of American soldiers in captivity.
The CIA suspects that one of them
is a new wonder drug called
lysergic acid diethylamide,
popularly known as LSD.
LSD was discovered in 1943
by Albert hofmann at sandoz labs.
It's still pretty untested,
but it has the potential
of being the greatest
mind-altering drug that
the agency has come across so far.
The CIA director initiates a program
to explore the brainwashing
potential of LSD
and other psychoactive drugs.
You have to understand the sense
of emergency that was
gripping the United States
in the early 1950s.
What Dulles wanted and
why mkultra was created
was a search for a silver
bullet, a magic potion that
would break down the
person who ingested it
or break down his facade of lies.
The CIA hopes to use
brainwashing on spies,
foreign prisoners, and
ultimately even foreign leaders
like fidel Castro.
Dulles charges chemist
and poison expert
Sidney gottlieb to run the program.
Gottlieb spends $240,000
to buy as much LSD
as he can get his hands on.
Gottlieb went to sandoz
and said, I'll buy it all.
I want to corner the market on this stuff.
And Sidney gottlieb became america's
first government-authorized drug dealer.
He is the man who
brought LSD to the CIA.
Gottlieb decides the best way to evaluate
this incredibly powerful new
psychedelic drug is to test it
on humans across the country.
Mkultra funds 149 research projects
across 80 institutions.
The CIA has never wanted for money.
Cash is its most powerful secret weapon.
Among the institutions taking part
in gottlieb's experiments
are 44 colleges and universities,
as well as hospitals,
pharmaceutical companies
and even prisons.
All manner of drugs became
the focus of these experiments,
and all manner of unwitting
human Guinea pigs.
For example, there was a
federal prison in Kentucky
that housed people who had been heroin
junkies before their arrest.
A number of these prisoners
were inducted into the mkultra
program, and without their knowledge,
they were fed LSD for 77 days in a row.
What this essentially meant is that you
were in a drug-induced
schizophrenic state.
I can't imagine that
these were good trips.
In 1957, gottlieb enlists
Canadian psychiatrist
ewen Cameron.
Between 1957 and 1964, Cameron
conducts a series of hideous
experiments for the CIA,
attempting to use LSD and
other extreme treatments
to break down the human
mind and rebuild it from scratch.
Ewen Cameron softens his
patients up by getting them
into an Insulin-induced coma.
He then exposes them
to LSD and other forms
of psychological torture.
The subjects of these experiments
had no idea they were in the middle
of a giant CIA experiment.
They were just normal people
looking for psychiatric help,
and they came out destroyed.
Gottlieb takes some of his most extreme
experiments overseas.
The CIA set up secret detention centers
across Asia and even in
Europe, far away enough
from home and congressional oversight
so they won't attract
any unwanted attention.
Here, gottlieb's team will experiment
on suspects like foreign agents captured
by the CIA for other reasons.
They call these subjects expendable.
Mkultra runs for 20 years.
We don't know how
many people were affected
or how badly they were harmed.
But nothing works, and
brainwashing remains elusive.
The CIA cancels mkultra
and gottlieb retires in 1973.
They know it's not a
good look for the agency.
So to Bury the evidence, gottlieb
and outgoing CIA director helms decide
to destroy all of the records.
Gottlieb literally takes box
upon box of hard copy mkultra
documentation back to the
CIA archive to have is shredded
and destroyed.
But he doesn't quite
manage to destroy all of it.
Those remaining mkultra documents will
come back to haunt the CIA.
In 1975, congress
launches an investigation
into the agency exposing
projects like mkultra.
Sidney gottlieb testifies before congress,
but claims he doesn't remember
much about the experiments,
and he gets off scot-free.
The CIA officers who
took part in this doubtless
felt that the United States was at war,
and that there were
no rules in such a game.
The mission was more
important than the rules,
even though those rules might
be the laws of god and man.
In the 1950s, communist
militias are battling U.S.
Influence across the pacific.
To gain an edge.
American psyops teams
turned to mind games.
The Philippines, early 1950s.
The U.S. backed Filipino government
is fighting an insurrection by
guerrillas known as the huk.
The huk rebellion was
a communist rebellion,
and like others in Southeast Asia,
it was seen as something
that the United States
had to conquer.
The U.S. is on the
defensive as huk rebels
hidden in the dense forests threaten
to overrun nearby towns.
But as the guerrillas
prepare their next assault,
these fierce fighters stumble
across something unsettling.
Early one morning, a
group of devoted huk rebels
is moving through the jungle.
What they find chills them to the bone.
They find one of their
missing soldiers lying dead.
His body is completely drained of blood.
There's no bullet wounds.
There's no blade marks.
Instead, there's just two
small punctures in his neck.
The reason why is revealed
in a 1972 memoir written
by a man involved in the conflict,
local CIA station chief Edward lansdale.
Edward lansdale was a
firm proponent of the use
of psychological warfare.
He really believes that if
you can terrify your enemies,
you make them a lot less
effective on the battlefield.
Lansdale knows of a local legend
he can use to beat the huk, using
fear instead of firepower.
Every culture has its scary monsters.
And in the case of the Philippines,
one of the key monsters is the aswang.
An aswang is a shape shifting,
vampiric, blood sucking demon.
Edward lansdale wants to harness
the local cultural beliefs of fear
around this sort of vampire and use
that to terrorize the
people in the countryside.
Lansdale gets a native
Filipino psychological warfare
team under his
command to spread rumors
among the locals in town.
They claim a terrifying
vampiric aswang demon has
been seen stalking the area.
The word starts to reverberate
throughout the community,
and it scares people.
Next, lansdale ups the ante.
Lansdale's psychological warfare team
creeps into the jungle
and sets up an ambush.
It's very dark in the forest at night,
so they have no problem hiding.
When a huk patrol comes along,
they wait for the very last man
and then grab him
without making a sound.
They kill him without leaving
any marks on the body.
Then they puncture his neck
with two small puncture wounds.
They hang it by its feet
so that all of the blood
will drain out through the wounds.
The body is then taken and left
in a rebel-held area where they know
it's going to be discovered.
When the huks come
back through the area,
they find their comrade drained of blood.
These huk soldiers are terrified
that their very worst nightmares
might have come to life.
They abandon their stronghold,
and they stop launching
attacks in that region.
In 1954, the huk surrendered
to philippine troops
and the rebellion is over, in no small part
thanks to lansdale's tactics.
One reason governments use
psyops is because they work.
In 1969, the U.S. tries a
new kind of terrifying mind
game against the viet cong.
By the beginning of 1969,
American forces are getting
bogged down in Vietnam.
The U.S. is going all out with saturation
bombing and even chemical warfare,
but it's just not working.
If anything, the viet cong
are winning the upper hand.
There are some people that suggest
that maybe the United States
should try a different tactic.
Then something stirs in the forest.
Vc troops operating at night begin
to hear anguished, disembodied voices
echoing through the darkness.
When you're patrolling
in the jungle at night,
your senses are limited.
So you can only imagine how creepy
it must have been to hear
these sort of disembodied voices.
The ghosts are all part of a campaign
of psychological warfare against
north Vietnamese troops.
It's called operation wandering soul.
We are playing on north
Vietnamese superstitions
by claiming that the wandering souls
of their unburied dead in the
south are guiding our bombs.
The average viet cong
soldier is a teenager who's not
particularly well educated.
They're very superstitious, if you will.
They believe that spirits
can haunt the earth.
If your body is left
unburied, the presumption
is that the soul can't move on, that it
becomes a wandering soul.
But where are these ghostly
voices really coming from?
No surprise, but the haunting
voices, they're not ghosts.
Instead, they're American
tape recordings being blared out
from massive speaker systems.
Psyops teams put Vietnamese voices
through an echo chamber.
They process it and add horror show
sound effects to up the ante.
We don't know how
effective wandering soul
was against the enemy, but
we do know it spooked our allies.
There are specific
orders issued to the army
that they are not to play this in earshot
of their south Vietnamese allies,
because it wasn't just
affecting the target audience,
the viet cong, but it was
also affecting our allies
and scaring the hell out of them, too.
During the 1970s,
U.S. spy agencies report
that the Soviet union is experimenting
with a new espionage tool, telepathy.
They respond with a mission
that sounds out of this world,
project Stargate.
At the Stanford research institute,
scientists funded by the
CIA are running a series
of experiments to test a
psychic technique known
as remote viewing, the
ability to telepathically
see faraway things using
only the power of the mind.
The agency hopes it will help
them spy on the Soviet union.
These guys are so
desperate for information
from behind the iron curtain
that they will try anything.
So maybe, just maybe,
this remote viewing
could be the way to get it and
with no risk of getting caught.
If it works, the U.S. government
would gain a way to systematically create
psychic spies, and that would
give an incredible advantage
to the national security infrastructure
of the United States.
It would change the
nature of warfare forever.
American doctor and paranormal
enthusiast andrija puharich hears
of a promising potential candidate.
He's a former Israeli paratrooper
who claims to possess
paranormal powers, uri geller.
Puharich introduces geller
to the remote viewing researchers.
At Stanford, geller's psychic ability
will be put to the test.
Researchers film the trials.
15 drawings were placed
in double sealed envelopes
in a safe.
Geller's task was to draw what
he perceived in the envelope.
What they hope he'll be able to do
is reproduce images
only through utilizing
the power of his mind.
If he could do what he said he could do,
it could transform the world
of intelligence collection.
This is geller's representation
of what he believed was
sealed in the envelope.
At no time during these experiments
did he have any advance knowledge
of the target material.
A secret report from
1973 reveals that geller
seems to be getting results.
So to get ahead of the Soviets,
they doubled down on
paranormal research.
The CIA transfers the
remote viewing research
to the defense
intelligence agency, or dia,
who embark on a series of
projects later consolidated
under the code name Stargate.
Stargate is the dia's ultimate mind game.
If it works, it could maybe
even win the whole cold war.
The government decides it's time
to test remote viewing during
major international events.
First, they try it when a Soviet bomber
crashes into dense jungle in
the Central African Republic.
If america can find the plane first,
they'll be able to study the secret Soviet
technology inside.
This is an opportunity too good to miss.
Time is running out.
They need to act quickly.
However, conventional
intelligence is drawing a blank.
They have to think outside the box.
Intelligence teams call in a Stargate
test subject, Rosemary Smith.
They show Smith the part of Africa
where they believe the
plane has gone down.
Rosemary Smith
actually used a technique
she called map dowsing.
She took a pendulum, and it
was a weight on the end of it,
and she uses that to divine the location
of the downed jet.
She eventually settles on a location.
The team converts those to coordinates.
The ground team went
out, and lo and behold,
the bomber was there, very
close to the exact location
where she said it was going to be.
It's a win for the remote viewing team.
So now they apply it in
a high-stakes situation
where U.S. citizens are in danger.
Islamic fundamentalists have just taken
over the country, when
radicals invade the U.S. embassy
and seize more than
60 American hostages.
I'm from Utah.
I was a political secretary, and I'm 33.
Hunkered down in fort
Meade, the Stargate team focus
on Iran and the American hostages.
One of the remote viewers claims
he has a vision of a sick
hostage on a stretcher.
But which one?
He suggests the hostage is associated
with a royal playing card.
You know, like the king,
the queen, or the Jack.
Just four days later, a hostage
suffering from multiple sclerosis
is released and flown home.
His name is Richard queen.
The vision of the stricken
man and a royal card
matching his last name, which is queen,
suggest that this is a hit.
Maybe they're actually on to something.
Stargate research continues
for years until the mid-'90s,
when the government
questions how much it really
is bringing to the table.
Lawmakers want to know what is
the upshot of decades of big dollar
dia spending on this
strange secret program?
They tasked the CIA
to evaluate Stargate.
In September 1995, the
CIA releases its report.
It is kind of eerie, but incredibly enough,
this report suggests that remote viewing
generates more so-called
hits than you'd get
by simple chance alone.
In other words, there might
be something more than random
guessing going on here.
But even when there are so-called hits,
the research does not show that they are
caused by paranormal means.
The report does not explain
the better-than-chance
hit rate.
To this day, no one has.
But that can't save the
remote viewing program.
In June 1995, the Stargate
program is finally shut down.
During the 1950s, the
U.S. and Soviet union
install ballistic missiles on submarines.
But it's hard to communicate
with these subs underwater.
Reports suggest
scientists from both nations
try something unusual, mind games.
An article in a French
scientific magazine
sends shock waves
through the Soviet Navy.
This former French resistance
fighter turned Sci-Fi author,
Jacques bergier, claims he
has inside information about mind
games on board the
world's first nuclear powered
submarine, the USS "nautilus."
The "nautilus" has just
made an incredible record
breaking journey.
It has stayed submerged
for six whole days
and it has traveled
underneath the north pole.
Bergier's article claims
that on the "nautilus" voyage,
the Navy tests a new
form of sub to shore
communication, telepathy.
Communication with the submarine
is a huge challenge,
because when they're
underwater, for the most part, they can't
receive radio broadcasts.
So the thought was, well,
what if we could use telepathy?
What if we could use esp to accomplish
this super important task?
It sounds incredible, but
worryingly to the Soviets,
this article claims that
paranormal mental communication
is working.
Bergier's article is making
some fantastical claims
that they have a person
on the sub underwater
who is sending telepathic
communications to a person
on land who receives them.
That's kind of bonkers.
The experiments themselves,
according to bergier's article,
were using something
called zener cards, which were
commonly used in esp research.
The sender would look
at cards, and the receiver
would attempt to identify the shapes
that he saw on these cards.
And according to bergier,
it worked fantastically well.
This story is impossible to verify.
But if it's true, it's a game changer.
"Nautilus" could receive
its firing orders while still
hidden deep beneath the waves.
A form of communication that is silent
and can't be intercepted by the enemy
is just what they need.
The Soviets are playing catch-up.
They come up with their
own psychic test, which is
revealed in a declassified CIA report.
Buried in the documents
are details of a sinister
Soviet sub-to-shore
telepathy experiment,
this one using animals.
Soviet scientist pavel naumov
is pursuing research that
suggests there's a strong psychic link
between mother and child
that could make telepathy easier.
His theory is that no matter
how far apart the mother
and child are, the mother can
sense the death of that child,
that they are connected.
To test the idea, Soviet
scientists separate a mother
rabbit from her babies.
They send her young out
on a submarine far out to sea.
On land, the scientists insert electrodes
into the mother rabbit's skull so they
can measure the electrical
activity in her brain.
Then the telepathic
communication test begins.
On the submarine deep underwater,
these scientists are taking
the baby rabbits and one by one
mercilessly executing them.
Back on shore, naumov,
the Soviet scientist,
was monitoring the brain
activity of the mother rabbit.
Surprisingly, the test seems to work.
Naumov claims that
the mother rabbit's brain
has a signal spike every time
one of her little baby bunnies
is murdered.
This spurs a fever of activity
inside the Soviet union, so that by 1967,
there are 30 labs spending millions
of rubles on this sort of
weird paranormal research.
The record kind of goes dark after that.
I'm sure the Soviets
continue to try telepathy,
but in the end, there's no
evidence that this was ever put
into practice successfully.
From dangerous psychedelic
drugs to projects designed
to trick the enemy, nations have always
used mind games as weapons.
Sometimes these tactics are disturbing,
but sometimes they
lead to surprising victories.
I'm David duchovny.
Thanks for watching
"secrets declassified."
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