Hitler's Last Stand (2018) s02e03 Episode Script

January 1945. Eastern France.
When defiant Nazi forces
threaten a newly captured position,
an American soldier
runs towards the onslaught
to put himself between
his unit and the attack.
But when the enemy closes in
The battle has gotten bad enough
that he's going to call down artillery
basically on his own position.
Will saving the battalion
cost him his life?
On June 6th, 1944,
Allied forces finally
land troops in Normandy
to open the western front.
But Nazi fanatics and diehards
continue to fight ruthlessly for survival.
D-Day was a battle.
The Allies still need to win the war.
January 23rd, 1945.
The Colmar Forest, eastern France.
Lieutenant Colonel Lloyd Ramsey
leads Third Battalion of the American
Seventh Infantry Regiment
through the woods.
By his side is First Lieutenant
Garlin Conner,
Ramsey's intelligence officer.
The battalion spearheads
an attack on German forces,
launched the night before
with a surprise crossing over
the Fecht River.
The fighting conditions are terrible.
The winter of 1944 and '45
was one of the coldest ever on record.
There had been quite a bit of snow,
which, uh, of course makes the environment
that much more miserable for the soldiers.
Their advance
proves relatively quick.
Down!
Until they are hit
with fire from a German tank
on the southern edge of the forest.
Shells explode all around,
then the Germans open up
with rifle and machine gun fire.
With the battalion under pressure
from its left front
Ramsey must hold their position
against a determined enemy.
The Americans had crossed
on foot bridges the night before,
which could not support
the weight of armor.
Without tank support,
Ramsey relies on American artillery
positioned to their rear for back up.
With detailed maps
of the French countryside, soon,
American shells begin to
drop into the German positions.
But Nazi soldiers will not
just give up this place
they believe is a part of Germany.
Alsace had been a source of
contention between
Germany and France for centuries.
The local population
speaks a German language,
but at various times in history Alsace
has been under the French kings.
In more recent times,
after the Franco-Prussian war,
Alsace went back to Germany.
And then when World War I ended,
Alsace went back to France.
Nazi forces occupied
the region in 1940
reclaiming it as German ethnic soil
and some of its people as members
of the new Reich, or empire.
After D-Day, the Allies push hard
to liberate France,
and drive out Hitler's soldiers.
In autumn 1944,
Alsace is the last French part
occupied by the Germans.
And when the US and French forces
push towards Strasbourg and seize it,
Colmar to the south
is the only part
that is left over in German hands.
A bridgehead to the west
of the River Rhine.
The Germans now defend
roughly 850 square miles
around the city of Colmar.
This stubbornly held region becomes known
as the Colmar Pocket.
The Allies had tried to, to overrun
the Colmar Pocket
in December 1944
and fought several, very,
very bloody battles
and did not succeed
in reducing the pocket.
After the Nazis
launch two counter attacks
from the area in January,
Supreme Commander Dwight D. Eisenhower
orders a full scale effort
to expel the Germans from Alsace.
The operation will complete
the liberation of France
and set the stage for the Allied invasion
of Germany from the west.
The effort is led by the French first army
plus several American divisions.
Lieutenant Garlin Conner
serves as part of
Seventh Infantry Regiment,
within the American
Third Infantry Division.
He has already earned three Silver Stars
for valor in combat,
to go along with three Purple Hearts.
His most recent injury
was a shot to the thigh while on patrol,
just a few days before.
Conner refuses
to stay in a field hospital,
and insists on rejoining his unit.
He's the kind of person
who feels that
if he leaves before the job is done
that perhaps he's shirking.
If I'm there, I'll save more lives
and if I'm not there,
I'll have to then live with
the guilt of what might happen
especially to my guys
in the unit if something happens to them.
Conner has been with
Third Infantry Division since 1942.
The Third Infantry Division
was one of the more experienced divisions
and one that saw the most combat
in World War II.
They had fought in North Africa,
landed in Sicily and battled up
the Italian boot.
After action in Rome and Anzio,
they land in occupied France
in August 1944,
and fight to Alsace from the south,
rather than Normandy to the west.
If you were a guy who was
in the invasion of North Africa
and you were still with the unit
as of Colmar two plus years later,
you were a real fugitive
from the law of averages.
Stay low!
Conner is now
just a little more than
ten miles from the Rhine River
and the border with Germany.
Finally, American artillery
shells and mortar
extract their toll from the enemy.
Third battalion have cleared
the strong points
in their sector of the Colmar Forest.
These kind of bloody brawls
of attack
and counter attack and the Allied advance
kind of trying to move forward
in very slow increments
is really very, very common throughout
much of the Colmar Pocket.
Lieutenant Colonel Ramsey
orders his battalion
to advance towards its next objective,
another patch of forest
called the Brunnwald Woods.
He must hold here
until the other two battalions arrive
to cover his right flank.
Then all three will capture
the town of Houssen together.
But they must ensure the woods are secure.
As they make their way through the trees,
Ramsey's men spot
what looks like an bunker.
It belongs to members
of the German 64th corps,
under the command of
General Der Infanterie Helmut Thumm,
which defends the pocket.
Helmut Thumm is a general
who sees things very realistic.
He understands that the time
of big offensives are over.
The only thing he can do
is hold the Colmar Pocket.
Along with the weather,
Thumm's greatest advantage
may be the terrain itself.
It is very flat and criss-crossed with
rivers and canals
patches of forest provide
the only sources of cover.
Thumm's men have added to these.
The Germans have had a lot of time
to prepare for the defense.
So every little town, every little village
is a kind of hedgehog.
So with barbed wire, minefields,
and so forth.
The bunker is
yet another fortification.
Ramsey.
Ramsey's men are cold and tired.
Ready to hunker down and wait
for reinforcement,
but they must assume it is occupied.
Ramsey sends
a squad forward
to see if anyone is home.
January 23rd, 1945.
Eastern France.
American and French forces attack
and press towards the city of Colmar.
American Lieutenant Colonel Lloyd Ramsey
sends a squad forward
to investigate a dugout
in the Brunnwald Woods.
His men make their way
to the bunker's entrance.
Hearing nothing, they force their way in.
Hey, you!
The Americans surprise
a group of German soldiers.
Get up. Get up!
Who then surrender.
Ramsey sets up his command post
in the bunker
to prepare for their attack
on the town of Houssen
when the other battalions of
the Seventh Infantry Regiment arrive.
They fight in Alsace,
a region of eastern France,
occupied by the Germans in 1940.
De Gaulle desperately
wants to liberate the last section
of what they consider France.
And likewise, the Germans who regard
Alsace as German want to defend it.
German General Helmut Thumm
soon receives word
that Americans have captured
the woods near Houssen.
According to German
military doctrine,
if you lose a position,
you have to counter attack immediately,
in order to exploit
the weaknesses of the enemy
when he's still trying to consolidate.
When Thumm
asks for reinforcements for the task,
he learns he has been assigned battalions
from the Second Mountain Division.
Second Mountain Division
is a specialized infantry division
fighting in cold weather conditions.
Their soldiers hail from Austria
and the division
had been fighting in Norway.
The Second Mountain Division
have held off British and Soviet forces
in the Arctic since 1940.
They have hard-won experience
in utilizing terrain
and weather conditions to their advantage.
They are now sent in to defend against
an Allied winter offensive in France.
Sending a specialized formation
like Second Mountain Division
to the Colmar Pocket
shows that this area has got
a high military priority.
Thumm knows he must
force the Americans back at all costs.
He plans to sneak a battalion
of the German Mountain Division soldiers
to within few hundred yards
of Ramsey's position
and launch a surprise counter attack
to retake the woods.
While unaware of the elite German forces
being mobilized against him,
Ramsey does expect
a German counter attack
and organizes defense
of his exposed flanks.
He sends companies to the west,
south, and eastern edges of the woods.
They dig into their defensive positions
in the bitter cold and wait.
The fighting for the Colmar Pocket
was very heavily shaped by the weather.
It was extremely cold.
The rivers were freezing,
which is unusual in that sector.
It was a particularly stiff winter.
Meanwhile
Seventh Infantry Regiment's
second battalion
fight to advance to protect
Ramsey's right flank.
But the company's become separated.
Visibility's just really bad
for the second battalion.
Now add the fog to it, the fear.
It's kind of a dark and brooding place
at that point of the year.
In the confusion,
German soldiers infiltrate
the battalion's rear elements.
Hey, you!
The Americans must flush out
the intruders in their midst.
Get him!
Some are captured.
Drop it!
By afternoon,
second battalion is clear to advance.
Later that day,
Private Robert Dutil,
an intelligence aide in third battalion,
approaches Ramsey
and Lieutenant Garlin Conner
with some fresh information.
A POW taken prisoner by second battalion
revealed that the Germans
plan a counter attack
on the Brunnwald Woods
at 0630 the next morning.
Ramsey radios for immediate artillery
and armor reinforcement.
Defensive preparations
take on a new urgency.
Soldiers dig in
and camouflage their machine guns,
but with the ground frozen,
it proves difficult
for all the men to entrench.
As 0630 approaches,
the riflemen are alert to
any movement in the fields ahead.
But visibility is poor
in the pre-dawn darkness.
The expected time of attack passes.
The typical mindset would be,
oh, intelligence thinks
that there's going to be an attack coming
at 6:30 this morning.
Man, I hope they're wrong.
After more
than an hour of waiting,
their vigilance wanes.
But if you had any
experience as a rifleman
by that point in time you would've known
the Germans well enough to know
they're not going to just give up
this terrain easily.
There's going to be another fight,
and you better be ready for it.
The Nazi Mountain Division
just now moves into position.
They leave from the town of Houssen
via a long irrigation ditch,
and occupy a concealed position
behind a dyke.
Inside the American command post,
Ramsey remains wary.
He is sure the Germans are up to something
and wants to send out
some scouts to confirm,
but none are available.
Garlin Conner volunteers.
Conner and Ramsey had
fought together since January of 1944.
When Ramsey had transferred in,
wanting to serve in a combat unit
after serving as an aide de camp
to a British general.
He witnessed Conner earn
multiple battlefield honors,
as well as numerous wounds.
Knowing Conner qualifies to be sent home,
Ramsey wants to keep him safe
and ensure he makes it back alive.
As Ramsey considers his options
mortar shells crash outside.
Get ready.
Their battalion is under attack.
January 24th, 1945.
You, go! Go!
Eastern France.
A battalion of the US Seventh
Infantry Regiment surges ahead
in an attack on the last
German occupied territory in France--
The Colmar Pocket.
Lieutenant Colonel Lloyd Ramsey's men
occupy a small patch of forest
with exposed flanks.
And the enemy has just
announced its presence
with a round of mortar and artillery
shells in the woods outside.
The men of K Company report
a Mark Six Tiger Tank,
one of the most potent
of all German war weapons,
emerging from some trees.
9 feet high, 27 feet long
and 12 feet across,
the Allies have nothing like it.
Some of its armor is four inches thick.
But it is not a Tiger Tank.
There were no Tiger Tanks
in the Colmar Pocket.
Even though there's many accounts from
the American side
and from the French side.
Enemy armor often creates
fear and confusion in soldiers,
making misidentification more likely.
They never received any specific
identification training,
so to them a German tank
whether it's a Panther
or a Tiger or Panzer 4 or StuG III.
It's a Tiger.
It is probably
a StuG III armored fighting vehicle,
built on a Panzer tank chassis,
the gun does not rotate.
But still discharges a deadly salvo.
And rakes the American lines
along the edge of the woods.
As it fires,
the German Mountain Division soldiers
swarm over a dyke
about 200 yards away,
charging across the field
towards the American infantry.
Ramsey's companies unload
on the advancing Germans
with machine gun and rifle fire.
Back at the battalion command post,
as the mortar and artillery
shatter the woods outside,
Ramsey gets word that
six of these Tiger Tanks
along with an entire battalion of soldiers
close in on his position.
It is not a welcome development.
It has to be dealt with somehow.
You want to make sure that your
battalion doesn't break and run,
uh, that probably isn't going to happen
in the, in the 7th infantry.
But still, how do you fight back?
With his men facing a crisis,
Conner approaches Ramsey
with a plan to set up
a forward artillery position
between the American line
and the oncoming enemy.
If he can get out front,
perhaps he can bring down
the big American artillery pieces
against the German attack.
Ramsey hesitates.
If there's anybody
in whom you'd have confidence
to go forward and do
this kind of thing it's Conner,
but there's another dynamic.
One of the reasons why Ramsey
has assigned him to a staff job
is to keep him out of danger.
Ramsey struggles
to find another option,
but Conner insists.
You're kind of throwing him
to the wolves, maybe,
and knowing how he courts danger,
there's a really good chance that
he's not coming back from this.
All that must've rushed through his mind
in a hurry, I would think.
Without another word,
Conner grabs a radio,
a reel of wire and a sound power telephone
and takes off into the woods.
He has two ways to communicate.
The main means
of tactical communication in World War II
was field telephones.
Everyone thinks, oh, we have
radios by now,
why isn't everybody using radios?
But the radios in World War II
weren't very reliable,
they didn't carry very far.
But to use field telephones
a physical line must be laid
sometimes for hundreds,
or thousands of yards,
without a break in the wire.
Conner charges ahead, unspooling the line,
Private Robert Dutil in pursuit to help,
if he can.
They dash through the forest
towards the battalion's front line.
German artillery explodes all around.
Garlin Conner is on a mission.
January 24th, 1945.
Eastern France.
American Lieutenant, Garlin Conner
races towards an enemy attack
of incoming artillery and mortar fire.
He is determined to set up
a forward observation position.
An intelligence aide follows close behind.
It had to be so awkward,
the dash to the front line.
Radio strapped along and then
stringing the telephone wire.
You're weighted down
with all this camo gear.
You're moving the telephone line yourself,
which isn't generally done, uh,
by an officer, much less an intel officer.
As the enemy
artillery hits the forest,
some shells land within 25 yards.
Debris from the tree bursts
shower the soldiers.
It's a very single-minded thing.
Because that's what's going to be needed
to break up this enemy battalion's attack.
Simple as that.
Conner pauses for a moment
at the edge of the American line,
surrounded by the riflemen protecting
their position.
Then breaks out about 30 yards beyond.
Cover him!
And throws himself into a ditch.
Private Robert Dutil is not far behind.
He doesn't have a lot of cover.
It's a very shallow kind of
ditch or indentation,
which is by all accounts
a foot and a half two feet, maybe.
You'll often hear in the descriptions his
cheeks, quote unquote, the butt cheeks,
could've been exposed
but also having to raise your head above
in order to observe,
just a really, really wild situation.
Conner gets the phone to his ear
and calls Ramsey.
Communications are
the whole key to this thing,
beyond his own courage,
uh, and the courage of the accompanying
riflemen with him.
To make sure that you can access
the kind of firepower you need
in order to destroy the enemy.
Conner calls in coordinates
to target the attacking soldiers,
which Lieutenant Colonel Ramsey
relays to the artillery battery.
Fire!
The shells shriek in overhead,
and land amid the charging
German Mountain Division soldiers.
Conner stays focused
and determines the next target--
A skirmish line about 100 yards ahead.
He adjusts fire
and calls in another barrage.
The American artillery crew responds,
firing off another round from
their field artillery piece.
The 105 millimeter Howitzer was one of
the most important weapons
in the American arsenal.
With a range of up to 7 miles,
each shell could create chaos
within a 33 yard radius
at a rate of two
to four strikes per minute.
Conner's coordinates direct the shell
in the midst of the advancing Germans.
But some of the Nazi
Mountain Division soldiers
continue towards Conner's position
in front of the American line.
He estimates the distance between
the last shell and their advance
and calls in an adjustment.
Conner hears the shell
flying in over his head.
He is spot on.
Conner's ability to act
as a forward artillery observer
is every bit on par
with someone who's been trained
and it's not an easy job.
Mastering trigonometry
and the properties of the projectiles
and all this kind of stuff.
But he has obviously picked that
up under the school of combat.
Conner calls in
another round to target the skirmish line.
And the accurate shelling eventually sends
the soldiers of the German
Mountain Division
back to the cover of the dyke.
But the German tank still fires.
An American tank destroyer commanded by
Lieutenant Leonard Lebo
arrives at the woodline to protect
the American defenders.
Lieutenant Lebo lines up
his three inch gun,
and with an accurate shot
takes out the troublesome tank.
Conner remains in his ditch.
A lot of people would've
just sort of retired back
to being the intel officer
and gone back to the command post,
we leave it at that.
I think he understands, enough about,
the pace and the nature of combat
that the Germans probably
aren't finished yet.
Conner eyes the field and beyond
for any signs of movement.
He spots more German armor
hidden in the trees.
Conner tells Ramsey he will be
out of contact for a few minutes
and takes off towards
the American tank destroyer.
Conner directs the volley
of the tank destroyer's gun
and the hidden tank is eliminated.
Then Conner dives back
into his ditch under heavy fire.
The Germans ready themselves
behind the dyke.
Another wave of counter attack
is about to begin.
January 24th, 1945.
Eastern France.
American troops of the Seventh
Infantry Regiment
fight to clear the Colmar Pocket--
The last German-occupied territory
in France.
STEVEN" The military reason
that it's important is
Eisenhower and the Allied high command
want to push across the Rhine
sometime in early 1945.
And in order to do it in southern France
they need to capture the Colmar Pocket.
American Lieutenant
Garlin Conner occupies a ditch
in front of his men's forest position.
Operating as a forward artillery observer,
Conner has successfully
turned back the first attacks
by German Mountain Division soldiers.
Rather than retreat to the relative safety
of the command post,
Conner remains on high alert.
Lieutenant Conner
has decided to stay put
because it's apparent to him
that he's probably still needed there.
The battle isn't over.
The Germans regroup
and prepare for a second wave of attacks.
Conner himself, might
be one of their targets.
As the Germans rush
toward the American line,
a soldier with a grenade appears to break
for Conner's position.
Conner just continues to
call in more very witheringly
accurate artillery fire
and that's the job.
That's why he's there.
A shell shrieks overhead
taking out some of the rear
elements of the German attack.
Conner quickly calls in another,
and hits his target again.
But the determined
Mountain Division soldier
continues his dash,
and closes in on Conner's ditch.
The grenade carrying German
seems to be in a position
to throw the grenade at Conner's position.
At the same time though he's been
spotted by American riflemen,
we don't know who, shoots him.
And kills him before he can
throw the grenade at Conner.
Unfazed,
Conner calls in another fire mission.
He's got this kind
of single-minded purpose
and tunnel vision
of staying right in that spot,
which is apparently a very good
observation spot
and calling in the artillery
and also, quite significantly
his communications hold out.
Conner's fire adjustments
continue to take out the Germans,
and send others back towards
the cover of the dyke,
while his men hold their positions
at the woodline.
The field is silent for a few minutes,
and Conner watches closely
for evidence of a retreat.
But instead, he sees another
huge wave break over the dyke.
Conner calls in shell after shell,
adjusting on the fly
as the surge advances.
Fire!
But the number
of German Mountain Division soldiers
is too great.
He cannot target them all
they are getting too close.
The Germans begin to move in
to what had been the American lines
and to threaten that entire
position of Third Battalion.
Conner must
make a difficult decision.
The Germans are so close,
that the only solution is to target
the edge of the American line.
The battle has gotten bad enough
that he's going to call down artillery
basically on his own position.
It's very possible, you're going to
get killed by your own shells.
So, you're really choosing,
self-sacrifice
to destroy the enemy attack.
His commanding officer
is concerned.
When Ramsey asks Conner
if he is bringing in the fire
too close to his own position
Conner is matter of fact.
He says it's fine.
I'm calling it where it needs to be.
Kind of understated.
He really is.
As shells continue to explode
all around him
Get down!
Conner's
intelligence aide is hit.
Private Robert Dutil,
who had followed Conner from
the battalion command post
earlier that day,
is severely wounded by the friendly fire.
But the German onslaught falters.
After three hours,
the attack of the elite
Nazi Mountain Division finally breaks.
Medic!
Medics tend to
the wounds of Private Dutil.
Incredibly, Garlin Conner is unhurt.
Garlin Conner's actions
are extraordinary.
It's just remarkable,
in so many ways and yet,
maybe they wouldn't have
seemed like it at the time.
Calling in artillery,
doing his thing
throughout the whole crisis,
many hours long at this battle.
From our vantage point
all these decades later,
it is just an extraordinary moment.
January 24th, 1945.
The Alsace region, eastern France.
American Lieutenant Garlin Conner
climbs out of a ditch
at the edge of a field
strewn with the aftermath
of a brutal, bloody battle.
Conner's calm courage and accurate calls
has turned back an attack by a battalion
from an elite German Mountain Division.
The precise artillery fire
kills some 50 German soldiers
and wounds about 100 more.
But the fight at Brunnwald Woods
is just one battle for the Colmar Pocket.
It is the last remaining region of France,
occupied by Nazi Germany.
The next day Conner's commanding officer,
Lieutenant Colonel Lloyd Ramsey advances
and encounters a German patrol.
In the fighting, a German soldier
lobs a potato masher,
a type of percussive grenade.
With quick reflexes,
Ramsey snatches it and throws it back.
He is wounded by a second.
It explodes,
sending razor sharp tin slivers outwards,
to slash the Lieutenant Colonel.
The Germans are killed in the skirmish,
and Ramsey needs medical care.
He walks back
to the battalion aid station.
The surgeon there removes
the shrapnel without anesthetic
and Ramsey walks back
to the observation post.
But the war for
the Colmar Pocket continues.
The men of Seventh Infantry Regiment,
including Garlin Conner
remain in American lines
to drive the Germans
back across the Rhine.
In the early days of February,
Conner volunteers to take command
of L Company when its C.O. is killed.
The rifle companies have
absorbed terrible causalities
and it tends to be among the leaders
and so you need somebody to step in
and lead this sort of ad hoc unit.
Third battalion attempts to
liberate the French village of Biesheim.
Where K Company has been cut off,
encircled by Nazi forces
in a section of German trenches.
Keep firing!
With 20 men
and backed by two Sherman tanks,
Conner and the remainder of L Company
enter the trenches
and proceed to advance
by hand to hand fighting.
That means with whatever weapons
or implements we happen to have,
this isn't the sort of combat,
that the Americans like to think about.
Once again, here we have Conner
right in the middle of this.
Hey!
We've just seen him use
heavy firepower, heavy technology,
in a way to bring about victory.
Now we seem him in a little bit
different context of right there,
at this worst level of combat,
fighting and maybe dying.
They relieve K Company.
They kill 12 Germans,
but 75 others surrender.
That tells us something, doesn't it?
It tells us those other 75
have looked at what's happened
and they're like, I'm done with this.
You can have this town.
That's the kind of
the fighting that it's been.
This is what goes on just on that day
in that little corner
of the Colmar Pocket battle.
Conner earns
a fourth Silver Star
for his heroic leadership at Biesheim.
The American Third Infantry Division
finishes its longest stretch
of combat February 19th,
having fought since they landed
in southern France
on August 15th the year before.
As for Lieutenant Conner's
actions at Brunnwald,
Lieutenant Colonel Ramsey
intends to request
the highest award possible
for an American army soldier.
But Ramsey is still on active duty,
while recovering from wounds of his own.
He cannot track down the witness accounts
required for the Medal of Honor.
Instead, he recommends Conner
for the second highest award--
the Distinguished Service Cross.
On February 10th,
Garlin Conner receives the D.S.C.
from General Alexander Patch,
Commander of the Seventh Army.
Conner finally leaves Europe on March 4th,
returning home to Aaron, Kentucky
to a hero's welcome.
Then he goes back
to just being a farmer.
A farmer in Kentucky, and that's his life.
He was pretty deeply affected,
as you might expect.
I don't know that the war
was ever too far away from his mind.
After his death in 1998,
the quest to get Garlin Conner
the Medal of Honor
was taken up by supporters.
Witness accounts of
the dramatic events were found
and after decades of delays
and technicalities,
Conner finally receives
the posthumous award
on June 26th, 2018, at the White House.
It makes Garlin Conner
possibly the second most decorated
American soldier of World War II,
but his proud commanding officer
did not live to see it either.
Ramsey had a long career,
led many combat soldiers,
from World War II through Vietnam.
Uh, he had Colin Powell under his command,
he had Norman Schwarzkopf
under his command.
He'd seen and he'd done
a lot of valorous things.
And he felt that
Garlin Conner had no peer.
That there was no one who exceeded him,
in terms of bravery, dedication to duty.
He saw Garlin Conner
as being really in the first rank
among all the combat soldiers he had led.
On February 8th, 1945,
Nazi forces finally conceded
the Colmar Pocket.
When the battle for
the Colmar Pocket is over,
19th army is virtually wiped out.
And the Germans withdrew
over the River Rhine.
The Rhine is now the new front line.
With Allied forces
lined up for hundreds of miles
along the west wall, or Siegfried Line,
the stage is set for a desperate showdown
and the war in Europe will
continue for three more months.
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